Picking and Processing of Gong Fu Black Tea

Tea gardens typically harvest in April, with high requirements for leaf tenderness. Spring tea is harvested in 6-7 batches, primarily picking one bud with one to two leaves.

Key processing points for Gong Fu black tea:

Withering: After picking, fresh leaves are placed in withering troughs or withering machines, or can be spread on the floor for natural withering. The purpose of withering is to evaporate appropriate amounts of moisture, making leaves soft and more resilient, promoting internal chemical changes, and eliminating the grassy smell. Generally, withered fresh leaves should reach about 65% water content. Under normal temperature and humidity, natural withering takes 7-8 hours. Withering time is shorter with higher temperatures and lower humidity, and longer in opposite conditions. Proper withering is indicated by shrunken, soft leaves that clump when squeezed but separate when released, darkened color, loss of shine, reduced grass smell, and emerging fragrance. Withering is a crucial processing stage for developing black tea's aroma.

Rolling: The rolling process for strip-style black tea is similar to green tea, but with higher standards - the strip formation rate must exceed 90%, cell destruction rate over 80%, and tea juice should ooze but not drip. Therefore, higher performance is required from rolling machines.

Fermentation: Fermentation is a unique stage in black tea processing, allowing polyphenols to fully oxidize, creating black tea's characteristic color, aroma, and taste. Black tea is called fermented tea because its red liquor and leaves result from fermentation. Currently, Kung Fu black tea processing still follows traditional methods, with a relatively long processing cycle - over 4 hours from rolling to drying. Fermentation actually begins during rolling, with separate fermentation on the floor lasting only about 2 hours. The ideal fermentation temperature is 24-25°C, with humidity above 80%. Air circulation is necessary for complete oxidation. Proper fermentation is achieved when the grassy smell disappears, aroma develops, and leaves turn red.

Drying: Drying is the final step in black tea processing, aimed at stopping fermentation, evaporating moisture, and achieving crude tea product requirements. Black tea drying typically uses drying machines with a two-stage process.

The first stage is called rough drying, the second final drying. Rough drying should achieve 20%-25% moisture content, final drying 4%-6%. Between stages, tea leaves are cooled and allowed to reabsorb some moisture before the second drying. Drying temperatures follow the principle "high for rough drying, low for final drying" - high being 110-120°C, low being 85-95°C.